Demecarium bromide

Chemical compound
  • S01EB04 (WHO)
Identifiers
  • Trimethyl-[3-[methyl-[10-[methyl-(3-trimethylammoniophenoxy)carbonyl-amino]decyl]carbamoyl]oxyphenyl]ammonium dibromide
CAS Number
  • 56-94-0 checkY
PubChem CID
  • 5965
DrugBank
  • DB00944 checkY
ChemSpider
  • 5750 checkY
UNII
  • 61D5V4OKTP
KEGG
  • D00667 checkY
ChEBI
  • CHEBI:4391 checkY
ChEMBL
  • ChEMBL1200514 ☒N
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID6045240 Edit this at Wikidata
ECHA InfoCard100.000.274 Edit this at WikidataChemical and physical dataFormulaC32H52Br2N4O4Molar mass716.600 g·mol−13D model (JSmol)
  • Interactive image
  • [Br-].[Br-].O=C(Oc1cccc(c1)[N+](C)(C)C)N(CCCCCCCCCCN(C(=O)Oc2cccc(c2)[N+](C)(C)C)C)C
InChI
  • InChI=1S/C32H52N4O4.2BrH/c1-33(31(37)39-29-21-17-19-27(25-29)35(3,4)5)23-15-13-11-9-10-12-14-16-24-34(2)32(38)40-30-22-18-20-28(26-30)36(6,7)8;;/h17-22,25-26H,9-16,23-24H2,1-8H3;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2 checkY
  • Key:YHKBUDZECQDYBR-UHFFFAOYSA-L checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Demecarium bromide, trade name Humorsol, is a carbamate parasympathomimetic drug that acts as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, and is used as a glaucoma medication. It is applied directly to the eye in order to reduce elevated intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma.[1]

Demecarium causes constriction of the pupil (miosis), which improves the drainage of the fluid in the eye (aqueous humour).[2] As demecarium reversibly inhibits cholinesterase, it can be administered less frequently than other parasympathomimetic drugs, such as carbachol.[3]

Commercially produced demecarium bromide solution, previously sold under the trade name Humorsol,[4] is no longer available,[3] although solutions of demecarium can be compounded.[5]

Use in dogs

When administered with a topical corticosteroid, demecarium can delay the onset of primary glaucoma in dogs.[3] High doses of demecarium may cause organophosphate toxicity, particularly if flea treatments containing organophosphates are administered at the same time.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ Jeske AH, ed. (2014). "Demecarium bromide". Mosby's dental drug reference (11th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Mosby. p. 374. ISBN 978-0-323-16916-5.
  2. ^ Stein HA, Stein RM, Freeman M (2012). "Demecarium bromide (Humorsol)". Ophthalmic dictionary and vocabulary builder for eye care professionals (4th ed.). New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical. p. 103. ISBN 9789350253656.
  3. ^ a b c d Maggs DJ, Miller PE, Ofri R (2013). "Indirect-acting parasympathomimetic agents". Slatter's Fundamentals of Veterinary Ophthalmology (5th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-4377-2367-0.
  4. ^ Edmunds MW, Mayhew MS (2013). Pharmacology for the primary care provider (4th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-323-08790-2.
  5. ^ Alario AF, Strong TD, Pizzirani S (November 2015). "Medical Treatment of Primary Canine Glaucoma". The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice. 45 (6): 1235–59, vi. doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.06.004. PMID 26319445.
  • v
  • t
  • e
Drugs used for glaucoma preparations and miosis (S01E)
SympathomimeticsParasympathomimetics
muscarinic
muscarinic/nicotinic
acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors/
(sulfonamides)Beta blocking agentsProstaglandin analogues (F)Other agents
  • v
  • t
  • e
Enzyme
(modulators)
ChATTooltip Choline acetyltransferase
  • Inhibitors: 1-(-Benzoylethyl)pyridinium
  • 2-(α-Naphthoyl)ethyltrimethylammonium
  • 3-Chloro-4-stillbazole
  • 4-(1-Naphthylvinyl)pyridine
  • Acetylseco hemicholinium-3
  • Acryloylcholine
  • AF64A
  • B115
  • BETA
  • CM-54,903
  • N,N-Dimethylaminoethylacrylate
  • N,N-Dimethylaminoethylchloroacetate
AChETooltip Acetylcholinesterase
BChETooltip Butyrylcholinesterase
Transporter
(modulators)
CHTTooltip Choline transporter
VAChTTooltip Vesicular acetylcholine transporter
Release
(modulators)
Inhibitors
  • SNAP-25Tooltip Synaptosomal-associated protein 25 inactivators: Botulinum toxin (A, C, E)
  • VAMPTooltip Vesicle-associated membrane protein inactivators: Botulinum toxin (B, D, F, G)
Enhancers
See also
Receptor/signaling modulators
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor modulators
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulators