Sardele
| Sardele | |
|---|---|
 | |
Naučna klasifikacija  | |
| Domen: | Eukaryota |
| Carstvo: | Animalia |
| Tip: | Chordata |
| Klasa: | Actinopterygii |
| Red: | Clupeiformes |
| Porodica: | Engraulidae |
| Podfamilije i rodivo[1] | |
| |
Sardele ili inćuni su male, široko zastupljene krmne riba iz porodice Engraulidae. Većina vrsta se nalazi u morskim vodama, nekoliko njih ulazi u barktičnu vodu, a neke vrste u Južnoj Americi su ograničene na slatku vodu[2]
Postoji više od 140 vrsta koje su grupisane u 17 rodova. One su prisutne u Antlanskom, Indijskom i Tihom okeanu, kao i u Crnom moru i Sredozemnom moru. Sardele se obično klasifikuju kao uljaste ribe.[3]
Sistematika
Rodovi
| Rodovi familije Engraulidae | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rodovi | Vrste | Komentar | Rodovi | Vrste | Komentar | |
| Amazonsprattus[4] | 1 | Anchoa | 35 | |||
| Anchovia | 3 | Anchoviella | 4 | |||
| Cetengraulis | 2 | Coilia | 13 | |||
| Encrasicholina | 5 | Engraulis[5] | 9 | Tipski rod sardela: Ovaj rod sadrži sve komercijalno značajne sardele | ||
| Jurengraulis | 1 | Lycengraulis | 4 | |||
| Lycothrissa | 1 | Papuengraulis | 1 | |||
| Pseudosetipinna | 1 | Pterengraulis | 1 | |||
| Setipinna | 8 | Stolephorus | 20 | |||
| Thryssa | 24 | |||||
Vrste
- Amazonsprattus scintilla Roberts, 1984
- Anchoa analis (Miller, 1945)
- Anchoa argentivittata (Regan, 1904)
- Anchoa belizensis (Thomerson and Greenfield, 1975)
- Anchoa cayorum (Fowler, 1906)
- Anchoa chamensis Hildebrand, 1943
- Anchoa choerostoma (Goode, 1874)
- Anchoa colonensis Hildebrand, 1943
- Anchoa compressa (Girard, 1858)
- Anchoa cubana (Poey, 1868)
- Anchoa curta (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)
- Anchoa delicatissima (Girard, 1854)
- Anchoa eigenmannia (Meek and Hildebrand, 1923)
- Anchoa exigua (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)
- Anchoa filifera (Fowler, 1915)
- Anchoa helleri (Hubbs, 1921)
- Anchoa hepsetus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Anchoa ischana (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)
- Anchoa januaria (Steindachner, 1879)
- Anchoa lamprotaenia Hildebrand, 1943
- Anchoa lucida (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882)
- Anchoa lyolepis (Evermann and Marsh, 1900)
- Anchoa marinii Hildebrand, 1943
- Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)
- Anchoa mundeola (Gilbert and Pierson in Jordan and Evermann, 1898)
- Anchoa mundeoloides (Breder, 1928)
- Anchoa nasus (Kner and Steindachner, 1867)
- Anchoa panamensis (Steindachner, 1877)
- Anchoa parva (Meek and Hildebrand, 1923)
- Anchoa pectoralis Hildebrand, 1943
- Anchoa scofieldi (Jordan and Culver in Jordan, 1895)
- Anchoa spinifer (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)
- Anchoa starksi (Gilbert and Pierson in Jordan and Evermann, 1898)
- Anchoa tricolor (Spix and Agassiz, 1829)
- Anchoa trinitatis (Fowler, 1915)
- Anchoa walkeri Baldwin and Chang, 1970
- Anchovia clupeoides (Swainson, 1839)
- Anchovia macrolepidota (Kner, 1863)
- Anchovia surinamensis (Bleeker, 1866)
- Anchoviella alleni (Myers, 1940)
- Anchoviella balboae (Jordan and Seale, 1926)
- Anchoviella blackburni Hildebrand, 1943
- Anchoviella brevirostris (Günther, 1868)
- Anchoviella carrikeri Fowler, 1940
- Anchoviella cayennensis (Puyo, 1946)
- Anchoviella elongata (Meek and Hildebrand, 1923)
- Anchoviella guianensis (Eigenmann, 1912)
- Anchoviella jamesi (Jordan and Seale, 1926)
- Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler, 1911)
- Anchoviella manamensis Cervigón, 1982
- Anchoviella nattereri (Steindachner, 1879)
- Anchoviella perezi Cervigón, 1987
- Anchoviella perfasciata (Poey, 1860)
- Anchoviella shantungensis Li, 1978
- Anchoviella vaillanti (Steindachner, 1908)
- Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier, 1829)
- Cetengraulis mysticetus (Günther, 1867)
- Coilia borneensis Bleeker, 1852
- Coilia brachygnathus Kreyenberg and Pappenheim, 1908
- Coilia coomansi Hardenberg, 1934
- Coilia dussumieri Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848
- Coilia grayii Richardson, 1845
- Coilia lindmani Bleeker, 1858
- Coilia macrognathos Bleeker, 1852
- Coilia mystus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Coilia nasus Temminck and Schlegel, 1846
- Coilia neglecta Whitehead, 1967
- Coilia ramcarati (Hamilton, 1822)
- Coilia rebentischii Bleeker, 1858
- Coilia reynaldi Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848
- Encrasicholina devisi (Whitley, 1940)
- Encrasicholina heteroloba (Rüppell, 1837)
- Encrasicholina oligobranchus (Wongratana, 1983)
- Encrasicholina punctifer Fowler, 1938
- Encrasicholina purpurea (Fowler, 1900)
- Engraulis anchoita Hubbs and Marini in Marini, 1935
- Engraulis australis (White, 1790)
- Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Engraulis eurystole (Swain and Meek, 1884)
- Engraulis japonicus Temminck and Schlegel, 1846
- Engraulis mordax Girard, 1854
- Engraulis ringens Jenyns, 1842
- Jurengraulis juruensis (Boulenger, 1898)
- Lycengraulis batesii (Günther, 1868)
- Lycengraulis grossidens (Agassiz in Spix and Agassiz, 1829)
- Lycengraulis limnichthys Schultz, 1949
- Lycengraulis poeyi (Kner, 1863)
- Lycothrissa crocodilus (Bleeker, 1851)
- Papuengraulis micropinna Munro, 1964
- Pseudosetipinna haizhouensis Peng and Zhao, 1988
- Pterengraulis atherinoides (Linnaeus, 1766)
- Setipinna breviceps (Cantor, 1849)
- Setipinna brevifilis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)
- Setipinna melanochir (Bleeker, 1849)
- Setipinna paxtoni Wongratana, 1987
- Setipinna phasa (Hamilton, 1822)
- Setipinna taty (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)
- Setipinna tenuifilis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)
- Setipinna wheeleri Wongratana, 1983
- Stolephorus advenus Wongratana, 1987
- Stolephorus andhraensis Babu Rao, 1966
- Stolephorus apiensis (Jordan and Seale, 1906)
- Stolephorus baganensis Hardenberg, 1933
- Stolephorus brachycephalus Wongratana, 1983
- Stolephorus carpentariae (De Vis, 1882)
- Stolephorus chinensis (Günther, 1880)
- Stolephorus commersonnii Lacepède, 1803
- Stolephorus dubiosus Wongratana, 1983
- Stolephorus holodon (Boulenger, 1900)
- Stolephorus indicus (van Hasselt, 1823)
- Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1933
- Stolephorus multibranchus Wongratana, 1987
- Stolephorus nelsoni Wongratana, 1987
- Stolephorus pacificus Baldwin, 1984
- Stolephorus ronquilloi Wongratana, 1983
- Stolephorus tri (Bleeker, 1852)
- Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale, 1926
- Thryssa adelae (Rutter, 1897)
- Thryssa aestuaria (Ogilby, 1910)
- Thryssa baelama (Forsskål, 1775)
- Thryssa brevicauda Roberts, 1978
- Thryssa chefuensis (Günther, 1874)
- Thryssa dayi Wongratana, 1983
- Thryssa dussumieri (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848)
- Thryssa encrasicholoides (Bleeker, 1852)
- Thryssa gautamiensis Babu Rao, 1971
- Thryssa hamiltonii Gray, 1835
- Thryssa kammalensis (Bleeker, 1849)
- Thryssa kammalensoides Wongratana, 1983
- Thryssa malabarica (Bloch, 1795)
- Thryssa marasriae Wongratana, 1987
- Thryssa mystax (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)
- Thryssa polybranchialis Wongratana, 1983
- Thryssa purava (Hamilton, 1822)
- Thryssa rastrosa Roberts, 1978
- Thryssa scratchleyi (Ramsay and Ogilby, 1886)
- Thryssa setirostris (Broussonet, 1782)
- Thryssa spinidens (Jordan and Seale, 1925)
- Thryssa stenosoma Wongratana, 1983
- Thryssa vitrirostris (Gilchrist and Thompson, 1908)
- Thryssa whiteheadi Wongratana, 1983
Ekologija
Sardele su značajan izvor hrane za skoro sve predatorske ribe u svom okruženju, uključujući kalifornijske iverke, prugaste grgeče, žutorepe, ajkule, kralske losose, i Oncorhynchus kisutch. One su isto tako ekstremno važne za morske sisare i ptice; na primer, uspeh uzgoja of kalifornijskih smeđih pelikana[6] i elegantnih čigri snažno je povezan s obiljem inćuna.
Vidi još
Reference
- ^ Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th изд.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118342336.
- ^ Loeb, M.V. (2012). „A new species of Anchoviella Fowler, 1911 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from the Amazon basin, Brazil”. Neotropical Ichthyology. 10 (1): 13—18. doi:10.1590/s1679-62252012000100002.
- ^ „What's an oily fish?”. Food Standards Agency. 2004-06-24. Архивирано из оригинала 10. 12. 2010. г. Приступљено 30. 06. 2019.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel; ур. (2011). Amazonsprattus scintilla” на FishBase-у. [верзија на датум: June 2011]
- ^ Sepkoski, Jack (2002). „A compendium of fossil marine animal genera”. Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Архивирано из оригинала 2011-07-23. г. Приступљено 2008-01-08.
- ^ Anderson, Daniel W.; Gress, Franklin; Mais, Kenneth F.; Kelly, Paul R. (1980). North, Nance, ур. „Brown pelicans as anchovy stock indicators and their relationships to commercial fishing” (PDF). CalCOFIs Reports. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations. 21: 55. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 23. 12. 2012. г. Приступљено 30. 06. 2019. „Pelican reproductive rate ... depends largely on levels of anchovy abundance and availability.”
Literatura
- Chavez FP, Ryan J, Lluch-Cota SE and Ñiquen CM (2003) From Anchovies to Sardines and Back: Multidecadal Change in the Pacific Ocean Science 229(5604)217–221.
- Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel; ур. (2006). "Engraulidae" на Фиш бејсу. [верзија на датум: January 2006]
- Miller DJ (1956) "Anchovy" Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (16. јул 2020) CalCOFI Reports, 5: 20–26.
- Nizinski MS and Munroe TA (1988) FAO species catalogue, volume 2: Clupeoid Fishes of the World, Pages 764–780, FAO Fisheries Synopsis 125, Rome. ISBN 92-5-102340-9.
- Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission [1] Northern Anchovy
Spoljašnje veze
Engraulidae
(Anchovies) na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.
(Anchovies) na Vikimedijinoj ostavi.
- "Fisheries Ebb and Flow in 50-Year Cycle" by Cameron Walker, National Geographic News (January 9, 2003).
- Chisholm, Hugh, ур. (1911). „Anchovy”. Encyclopædia Britannica (на језику: енглески) (11 изд.). Cambridge University Press.
Normativna kontrola: Državne  |
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