Phytoprogestogen
Phytochemical
Phytoprogestogens, also known as phytoprogestins, are phytochemicals (that is, naturally occurring, plant-derived chemicals) with progestogenic effects.[1][2]
Relative to their phytoestrogen counterparts, phytoprogestogens are rare.[1] However, a number have been identified, including kaempferol, diosgenin (found in yam), apigenin (found in chasteberry),[1][3] naringenin, and syringic acid, among others.[2] In addition, 3,8-dihydrodiligustilide from Ligusticum chuanxiong is a potent progestogen (EC50 = 90 nM), whereas riligustilide is a weak progestogen (EC50 ≈ 81 μM).[4][5]
References
- ^ a b c Hajirahimkhan, Atieh; Dietz, Birgit; Bolton, Judy (2013). "Botanical Modulation of Menopausal Symptoms: Mechanisms of Action?". Planta Medica. 79 (7): 538–553. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1328187. ISSN 0032-0943. PMC 3800090. PMID 23408273.
- ^ a b Zava DT, Dollbaum CM, Blen M (1998). "Estrogen and progestin bioactivity of foods, herbs, and spices". Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 217 (3): 369–78. doi:10.3181/00379727-217-44247. PMID 9492350. S2CID 20673587.
- ^ Toh, M.F.; Sohn, J.; Chen, S.N.; Yao, P.; Bolton, J.L.; Burdette, J.E. (2012). "Biological characterization of non-steroidal progestins from botanicals used for women's health". Steroids. 77 (7): 765–773. doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2012.03.013. ISSN 0039-128X. PMC 3601661. PMID 22484153.
- ^ Lim LS, Shen P, Gong YH, Yong EL (2006). "Dimeric progestins from rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong". Phytochemistry. 67 (7): 728–34. Bibcode:2006PChem..67..728L. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.01.024. PMID 16516938.
- ^ Ahmed, H.M.M.; Yeh, J.Y.; Lin, W.J.; Forsberg, N.E.; Cheng, W.T.K.; Ou, B.R (2014). "Validation of a luciferase bioassay to detect the progestative activity in gilts whose estrus was induced by an uterotonic herb (Ligusticum chuanxiong)". Livestock Science. 163: 159–164. doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2014.02.012. ISSN 1871-1413.
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Progestogens and antiprogestogens
(and progestins)
| SPRMsTooltip Selective progesterone receptor modulators | |
|---|---|
| PRTooltip Progesterone receptor antagonists |
- #WHO-EM
- ‡Withdrawn from market
- Clinical trials:
- †Phase III
- §Never to phase III
- See also
- Progesterone receptor modulators
- Androgens and antiandrogens
- Estrogens and antiestrogens
- List of progestogens
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