Glossopteridales : Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Glossopteridales

Extinct order of seed ferns

Glossopteridales Temporal range: Permian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Various glossopterid pollen bearing reproductive structures

Leaf of Glossopteris
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Spermatophyta
Order:	†Glossopteridales Plumstead, 1956
Families
Dictyopteridiaceae Rigbyaceae Arberiaceae Lidgettoniaceae
Synonyms
Arberiales Ottokariales

Glossopteridales is an extinct order of seed plants, known from the Permian of Gondwana. They arose at the beginning of the Permian , and the majority or all members of the group became extinct at the end of the Permian (251.9 mya), during the Permian-Triassic extinction event. Possible Triassic records of the group have been recorded.^[1] The best known genus is Glossopteris, a leaf form genus. Other examples are Gangamopteris, Glossotheca, and Vertebraria.

Permian permineralised glossopterid reproduction organs found in the central Transantarctic Mountains suggest seeds had an adaxial attachment to the leaf-like mega-sporophyll. This indicate Glossopteridales can be classified as seed ferns and is important in determining the status of the group as either close relatives or ancestors of the angiosperms.^[2]

Midrib-less forms were common in the Early Permian whereas midrib forms were more common in the Late Permian.^[3]

References

Notes

^ Zhang, Y.; Zheng, S.; Singh, K. J.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, S.; Saxena, A. (2022). "Glossopterids survived end-Permian mass extinction in North Hemisphere". Global Geology (English Edition). 25 (4): 214–254. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-9736.2022.04.02.
^ Taylor & Taylor 1992, Abstract
^ Srivastava 1991, Abstract

Sources

Srivastava, A. K. (1991). "Evolutionary tendency in the venation pattern of Glossopteridales". Geobios. 24 (4): 383–386. Bibcode:1991Geobi..24..383S. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(06)80235-4. Retrieved 25 November 2017.
Taylor, E. L.; Taylor, T. N. (1992). "Reproductive biology of the Permian Glossopteridales and their suggested relationship to flowering plants". PNAS. 89 (23): 11495–11497. Bibcode:1992PNAS...8911495T. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.23.11495. PMC 50578. PMID 11607341.