Frederick William, Elector of Hesse
Elector of Hesse
| Frederick William | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Elector of Hesse | |
| Reign | 1847–1866 |
| Predecessor | William II |
| Successor | Electorate abolished |
| Born | (1802-08-20)20 August 1802 Hanau, Holy Roman Empire |
| Died | 6 January 1875(1875-01-06) (aged 72) Prague, Austria-Hungary |
| Spouse | Gertrude Falkenstein, Princess of Hanau |
| Issue | Princess Augusta of Hanau and Hořowitz Princess Alexandrine of Hanau and Hořowitz Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Hanau and Hořowitz Prince Moritz of Hanau and Hořowitz Prince Wilhelm of Hanau and Hořowitz Princess Maria of Hanau and Hořowitz Prince Karl of Hanau and Hořowitz Prince Heinrich of Hanau and Hořowitz Prince Philipp of Hanau and Hořowitz |
| House | House of Hesse |
| Father | William II |
| Mother | Princess Augusta of Prussia |
Frederick William I (20 August 1802 – 6 January 1875) was, between 1847 and 1866, the last Prince-elector of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel).
Early life
He was born at Hanau on 20 August 1802. He was the son of Prince William, later William II, Elector of Hesse, and Princess Augusta of Prussia, daughter of King Frederick William II of Prussia. During the French occupation of Hesse-Kassel from 1806 to 1813, he stayed with his mother in Berlin. Reportedly, he had a poor relationship with his father because of his father's affair with Emilie Ortlöpp.
Frederick was educated at Marburg and Leipzig.
Career
On 30 September 1831, he became co-regent and, in 1847, Prince-elector.[1] Under influence of his minister Hans Daniel Ludwig Friedrich Hassenpflug, he conducted a reactionary policy, which made him very unpopular. He was forced to give in to the demands of the March Revolution, but reinstated Hassenpflug in 1850 after the revolution had been crushed.
In the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, he chose the side of Austria. His capital, Kassel, was occupied by Prussia, and, as a consequence of his refusal to negotiate,[1] he was transferred as a prisoner to Stettin on 23 June. Hessen-Kassel was annexed by Prussia in the same year.
Frederick William never accepted the Prussian dominance over his territory. Even after the creation of the unified German Empire in 1871, he tried to regain his throne.
Personal life
On 26 June 1831 Frederick William was morganatically married to Gertrude Falkenstein Lehmann (1803–1882). She had been born in Bonn and was a daughter of apothecary Johann Gottfried Falkenstein and his wife, Magdalena Schulz. When Frederick William met Gertrude, she was the wife of Lt Karl Michael Lehmann (married in 1822) and the mother of two sons.[2] Gertrude and her husband were divorced in 1830/31, but already by this time, some children had been born to her and Frederick William. They were married in 1831, after which they had further children.
In 1831, Frederick William's father William II made Gertrude Her Illustrious Highness Countess of Schaumburg. In 1853, she was made Princess of Hanau and to Horowitz. All of the nine children that she bore to Frederick William, whether born before or after their marriage, were made Princes of Hanau, and granted the style of Serene Highness in 1862,[3] including:[4]
- Augusta Marie Gertrude (Niederdorfelden, 21 September 1829 - Halle an der Saale, 18 September 1887; bur Wächtersbach), who married Ferdinand Maximilian III, Prince of Isenburg-Büdingen in Wächtersbach (Wächtersbach, 24 October 1824 - Wächtersbach, 5 June 1903) in Wilhelmshohe on 17 July 1849.[3]
- Alexandrine Friederike Wilhelmine (Fulda, 22 December 1830 - Lindau, 20 December 1871; bur Kassel), who married Prince Felix Eugen Wilhelm Ludwig Albrecht Karl zu Hohenlohe-Oehringen (Oehringen, 1 March 1818 - Asnières, 8 September 1900), youngest son of August, Prince of Hohenlohe-Öhringen, in Kassel on 12 June 1851.[3]
- Friedrich Wilhelm (Schloss Wilhelmshöhe, 18 November 1832 - Horowitz, 14 May 1889), who married, morganatically, twice, Auguste Birnbaum (Kassel, 9 November 1837 - Cannstatt, 29 June 1862), daughter of Karl Birnbaum and wife Maria Sargany, in London on 23 September 1856 and divorced, and Ludowika Gloede (Hamburg, 6 May 1840 - Munich, 20 April 1912), daughter of Reverend Friedrich Gloede and wife Maria Dorothea Goldbeck, in Vienna on 8 April 1875; their children were Counts von Schaumburg, but post-1918 descendants bear the title Prince and Princess von Hanau; the head of this line was Prince of Hanau, but the eldest son, Friedrich Wilhelm, and his issue were bypassed until all other sons and their issue male had died.[4]
- Friedrich August (Wiesbaden, 14 April 1864 - Brünn, 26 April 1940), who married twice, Countess Hildegard Matild Mária Anna Almásy de Zsadány et Török-Szent-Miklós (Zsadány, 10 March 1879 - Augsburg, 1 February 1933), daughter of a third cousin of Pál Almásy, fourth cousin of György Almásy, father of László Almásy, and distant cousin of László Almásy, in Vienna on 6 July 1899 and divorced in 1922, and, morganatically, Christine-Ernestine Detzer (Munich, 29 January 1894 - Munich, 10 January 1978) in Munich on 12 December 1932, and had four children:
- Friedrich Wilhelm Tassilo Ludwig Hubertus Heinrich, 5th Prince of Hanau and Horowitz, Count of Schaumburg (Söcking bei Starnberg, 27 December 1900 - Munich, 12 October 1971), who married Countess Maria Theresia Karolina Gigina Fugger von Babenhausen (Vienna, 1 March 1899 - Starnberg, 28 June 1994) in Babenhausen on 1 August 1921, and had four children:
- Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Heinrich, 6th Prince of Hanau and Horowitz, Count of Schaumburg (Vienna, 27 April 1923 - Starnberg, 16 February 1998), who married Countess Maria Antonia Strachwitz von Gross-Zauche und Camminetz (Baden bei Wien, 3 September 1922 - Percha, 17 November 2005) in Friedberg bei Volders, Tyrol, on 15 June 1948, and had two children:
- Franziska Elisabeth Maria Antonia (Munich, 27 October 1954) who married twice, her cousin Count Rupert Strachwitz von Gross-Zauche und Camminetz (Luzern, 30 April 1947) in Söcking bei Starnberg on 5 October 1974 and divorced in 1986, and in London on 14 March 1988 and divorced in 1996 John Scarisbrick (Rome, 3 November 1948)
- Friedrich Wilhelm Philipp Georg Heinrich Jakob, 7th Prince of Hanau and Horowitz, Count of Schaumburg (Munich, 26 June 1959), who married, morganatically, Julia Kathrin Borchers-Schelkopf (Munich, 15 September 1962), daughter of Anton Schelkopf and wife Cornell Borchers, in Aufkirchen on 30 May 1987, and has three children:
- Tassilo Hubertus Heinrich Antonius (Starnberg, 8 November 1987), who married, morganatically, Svetlana ...vna Gurina in September 2019
- Philippa Maria Theresia (Starnberg, 15 January 1989)
- Thaddäus Carl Heinrich (Starnberg, 16 June 1995)
- Friedrich Wilhelm Ferdinand Leopold Tassilo (Vienna, 7 May 1924 - Vienna, 11 May 1997), who married Baroness Marie Alice von Loudon (Bistritz am Hostein, Moravia, 7 July 1919 - Vienna, 20 May 1985), grand-niece of Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, in Vienna on 17 December 1949, and had two children:
- Friederike Wilhelmine Elisabeth Viktoria Maria (Vienna, 23 December 1953), who married Knight Manfred Leo Mautner von Markhof (Vienna, 2 September 1952) in Vienna on 16 May 1981
- Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Antonius (Vienna, 28 February 1956), who married twice, Noble Bianca Kyd von Rebenburg (Graz, 24 March 1953) in Las Vegas, Clark County, Nevada, on 8 August 1980 and divorced in 1988, and, morganatically, Magda Gomes da Silva (Barra Bonita, 11 February 1978) in Miami, Miami-Dade County, Florida, on 18 May 2012, and has four daughters:
- Marie Sophie Bianca Johanna Theresa Marie Alice (Marbella, 19 June 1981), Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from the University of Miami, Webster Vienna Private University, Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas and Regent's University London in 2004, photographer,[5] who has a natural child
- Tatiana Natasha Marie Alice Toneya (Aspen, Pitkin County, Colorado, 1992), graduated from Sigmund Freud Private University of Vienna, who worked at the Austrian Red Cross, with Toneya Bird (Sydney, New South Wales), model
- Yasmin Marie Alice (2012)
- Iris Elisabeth Tatjana (2017)
- Eleonore Marie Elisabeth Hildegarde (Horowitz, 16 May 1925 - Hamburg, 13 April 1997), who married twice, Bela Spanyi (Klagenfurt, 23 February 1921 - Hinterstoder, 14 February 1997) in Hinterhör on 15 January 1946 and divorced in 1954, and Herbert Joost (Hamburg, 30 April 1908 - Hamburg, 16 November 2001) in Munich on 26 May 1959 and divorced in 1976
- Friedrich Wilhelm (Horowitz, 3 December 1927 - San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, 4 June 2016), Senior Vice President of BMW of North America in Montvale, Bergen County, New Jersey, a subsidiary of the Bavarian Motor Works in Munich, West Germany, who married, morganatically, Maria von Kossaczky (Budapest, 9 December 1924 - San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, 18 April 2024), daughter of Major General Árpád von Kossaczky and wife Dona Wallner, in San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, on 5 June 1954, and had one son:
- Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Christoph (San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, 5 June 1956), graduated from Southern Methodist University and received a Master of Business Administration degree from Cornell University, senior partner of Computer Help Services in New York, who married, morganatically, Candace May McDonnell (Zürich, 26 October 1954), graduated from the Westover School and magna cum laude from Tufts University with a Master of Business Administration degree from Columbia University, associate in the real estate finance group at the Bankers Trust Company in New York, daughter of Kenneth McDonnell (- 1992), who had a career in publishing, advertising and residential real estate for Merrill Lynch Realty in Greenwich, and wife (1951) May Sandoz (Le Locleet, La Chaux-de-Fonds, 1932/1933 - Greenwich, Fairfield County, Connecticut, 9 September 2012), graduated from the BuserInstitut, Teufen, who worked at The Nutmegger of Connecticut Magazine from 1971 to 1996, rising to the position of Advertising Manager, and later, at the Greenwich Magazine, rising to the position of Associate Publisher for Advertising, member and auctioneer of the Green Fingers Garden Club,[6] paternal granddaughter of Hubert McDonnell, senior partner in the securities brokerage firm of McDonnell & Company, and wife Isabelle Amy,[7][8] and maternal granddaughter of Henri Sandoz, of Lausanne, and wife Mary Newman Carson, of Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania,[9] in Riverside, Fairfield County, Connecticut, 13 June 1987, and has two children:
- Victoria Marie Therese (New York, New York County, New York, 1 May 1990)
- Friedrich Wilhelm Maximilian Kenneth (New York, New York County, New York, 3 July 1993)
- Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Christoph (San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, 5 June 1956), graduated from Southern Methodist University and received a Master of Business Administration degree from Cornell University, senior partner of Computer Help Services in New York, who married, morganatically, Candace May McDonnell (Zürich, 26 October 1954), graduated from the Westover School and magna cum laude from Tufts University with a Master of Business Administration degree from Columbia University, associate in the real estate finance group at the Bankers Trust Company in New York, daughter of Kenneth McDonnell (- 1992), who had a career in publishing, advertising and residential real estate for Merrill Lynch Realty in Greenwich, and wife (1951) May Sandoz (Le Locleet, La Chaux-de-Fonds, 1932/1933 - Greenwich, Fairfield County, Connecticut, 9 September 2012), graduated from the BuserInstitut, Teufen, who worked at The Nutmegger of Connecticut Magazine from 1971 to 1996, rising to the position of Advertising Manager, and later, at the Greenwich Magazine, rising to the position of Associate Publisher for Advertising, member and auctioneer of the Green Fingers Garden Club,[6] paternal granddaughter of Hubert McDonnell, senior partner in the securities brokerage firm of McDonnell & Company, and wife Isabelle Amy,[7][8] and maternal granddaughter of Henri Sandoz, of Lausanne, and wife Mary Newman Carson, of Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania,[9] in Riverside, Fairfield County, Connecticut, 13 June 1987, and has two children:
- Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Heinrich, 6th Prince of Hanau and Horowitz, Count of Schaumburg (Vienna, 27 April 1923 - Starnberg, 16 February 1998), who married Countess Maria Antonia Strachwitz von Gross-Zauche und Camminetz (Baden bei Wien, 3 September 1922 - Percha, 17 November 2005) in Friedberg bei Volders, Tyrol, on 15 June 1948, and had two children:
- Tassilo Karl Friedrich Wilhelm Antonius Hubertus (Söcking, 21 December 1901 - k. in air crash at Klecany, near Prague, 16 May 1932)
- Hildegard Marie Ludovika Mathilde Anna (Söcking bei Starnberg, 12 March 1903 - Munich, 12 April 1990), who married twice, Count Karl Max von Sandizell (Sandizell, 4 October 1895 - Sandizell, 21 May 1962) in Salzburg on 10 January 1922 and divorced in 1928), and Count Wulf Diether Wolfgang Christian Ernst Otto Paul Karl of Castell-Rüdenhausen (Berlin, 20 November 1905 - Munich, 1 July 1980) in Munich on 22 June 1928 and divorced in 1941
- Emmerentiana Philippine Ernestine Anna Marie (Munich, 22 April 1913 - Tutzing, 8 September 1986), who married Count Ludwig von Montgelas (Munich, 15 December 1907 - Mühldorf, 12 November 1982) in Horowitz on 5 October 1933
- Friedrich Wilhelm Tassilo Ludwig Hubertus Heinrich, 5th Prince of Hanau and Horowitz, Count of Schaumburg (Söcking bei Starnberg, 27 December 1900 - Munich, 12 October 1971), who married Countess Maria Theresia Karolina Gigina Fugger von Babenhausen (Vienna, 1 March 1899 - Starnberg, 28 June 1994) in Babenhausen on 1 August 1921, and had four children:
- Ludwig Cäcilius Felix (Hamburg, 19 May 1872 - Munich, 8 January 1940)
- Friedrich August (Wiesbaden, 14 April 1864 - Brünn, 26 April 1940), who married twice, Countess Hildegard Matild Mária Anna Almásy de Zsadány et Török-Szent-Miklós (Zsadány, 10 March 1879 - Augsburg, 1 February 1933), daughter of a third cousin of Pál Almásy, fourth cousin of György Almásy, father of László Almásy, and distant cousin of László Almásy, in Vienna on 6 July 1899 and divorced in 1922, and, morganatically, Christine-Ernestine Detzer (Munich, 29 January 1894 - Munich, 10 January 1978) in Munich on 12 December 1932, and had four children:
- Moritz Philipp Heinrich, 1st Prince of Hanau and Horowitz, Count of Schaumburg (Schloss Wilhelmshöhe, 4 May 1834 - Horowitz, 30 March 1889), who married, morganatically, Anne von Lossberg (Kassel, 14 August 1829 - Horowitz, 27 October 1876), daughter of Karl Wilhelm Jeremias von Lossberg and wife Marianne von Wangenheim, in Freiburg on 15 April 1875; no children.[3]
- Wilhelm, 2nd Prince of Hanau and Horowitz, Count of Schaumburg (Kassel, 19 December 1836 - Horowitz, 3 June 1902), who married Princess Elisabeth Wilhelmine Auguste Marie of Schaumburg-Lippe (Bückeburg, 5 March 1841 - Wiesbaden, 30 November 1926), daughter of George William, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, in Frankfurt on 30 January 1866; they divorced in 1868 and he married Countess Elisabeth of Lippe-Weissenfeld (Dresden, 1 July 1868 - Schweinfurt, 24 October 1952) in Doberitz on 12 May 1890; neither marriage produced children.[3]
- Marie Auguste (Schloss Wilhelmshöhe, 22 August 1839 - Bonn, 26 March 1917), who married Prince Wilhelm Friedrich Ernst of Hesse-Philippsthal-Barchfeld (Burgsteinfurt, 3 October 1831 - Rotenburg an der Fulda, 17 Janurary 1890) in Kassel on 27 December 1857. They divorced in 1872 and Marie and her children were granted the titles HSH Prince/ss of Ardeck after her divorce on 28 July 1876.[4]
- Karl, 3rd Prince of Hanau and Horowitz, Count of Schaumburg (Kassel, 29 November 1840 - Kassel, 27 January 1905), who married Countess Hermine Grote (Hannover, 8 October 1859 - Münchhagen, 31 March 1939) in Hannover on 11 November 1882; they did not have children.[3]
- Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Ludwig, 4th Prince of Hanau and Horowitz, Count of Schaumburg (Kassel, 8 December 1842 - Prague, 15 July 1917), who married, morganatically, Martha Riegel (Bischofsburg, East Prussia, 26 October 1876 - Prague, 10 March 1943), in Prague on 5 June 1917.[3]
- Friedrich Wilhelm Philipp (Kassel, 29 December 1844 - Oberurf, 28 August 1914), who married, morganatically, Albertine Hubatschek-Stauber (Semlin, 7 December 1840 [7 December 1845, per 1893 GGT] - Gratsch, near Meran, 11 April 1912) in Vienna on 29 March 1875; their children bear the title Counts of Schaumburg:[4]
- Philipp (Purkersdorf, 17 April 1868 - Berlin, 19 September 1890)
- Friedrich Wilhelm August (Eaux Vives, near Geneva, 18 December 1875 - Leipzig, 26 December 1898)
- Karl August Friedrich Felix (Oberurf, 10 August 1878 - Lehrbach, 2 December 1905), who married Anna von Trott zu Solz (Diez, 27 December 1870 - Zimmersrode, 15 October 1942) in Oberurf on 28 September 1901, and had two daughters:
- Albertine (Lehrbach, 23 August 1902 - Höchst-am-Main, 29 August 1935), married Count Edwin von Rothkirch und Trach (Militsch, 1 November 1888 - Rettershof, 29 July 1980) in Oberurf on 16 September 1922
- Marie Luise (Lehrbach, 17 December 1903 - 30 June 1975), married Baron Hans Treusch von Buttlar-Brandenfels (Berlin, 5 May 1885 - Oberurff, 29 July 1946) in Oberurff on 2 June 1927
He died at Prague in 1875, where his widow also died on 9 July 1882. Because of his morganatic marriage, his sons were excluded from succession. He was succeeded, as titular Prince-elector of Hesse, by Prince Frederick William of Hesse, from the house of Hesse-Rumpenheim.[3]
Honours
- Grand Cross of the House Order of the Golden Lion[10]
- 18 June 1821: Knight of the Order of the Black Eagle[11]
- 1837: Grand Cross of the Order of St. Stephen[12]
- April 1844: Knight of the Order of St. Andrew the First-called
- 15 February 1846: Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold[13]
- 29 January 1848: Knight of the Order of the Elephant[14]
- 13 August 1865: Grand Cross of the House Order of the Wendish Crown
Ancestry
| Ancestors of Frederick William, Elector of Hesse |
|---|
Notes and references
- ^ a b Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Frederick William I. (Hesse)" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
- ^ "Austro-Hungarian Army – Otto Freiherr von Scholley".
- ^ a b c d e f g h The Titled Nobility of Europe: An International Peerage, Or "Who's Who", of the Sovereigns, Princes and Nobles of Europe. Harrison & Sons. 1914. p. 757. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
- ^ a b c d Almanach de Gotha (Gotha: Justus Perthes, 1942), pages 431–432
- ^ http://www.sophievonhanau.com/
- ^ https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/greenwichtime/name/may-brittain-obituary?id=19024957
- ^ https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/sunsentinel/name/david-mcdonnell-obituary?id=9186207
- ^ https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/nytimes/name/david-mcdonnell-obituary?id=14896647
- ^ https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/29/style/candace-may-mcdonnell-plans-to-wed-christoph-hanau-schaumburg-in-june.html
- ^ Hessen-Kassel (1846). Kurfürstlich Hessisches Hof- und Staatshandbuch: 1846. Waisenhaus. p. 11.
- ^ Liste der Ritter des Königlich Preußischen Hohen Ordens vom Schwarzen Adler (1851), "Von Seiner Majestät dem Könige Friedrich Wilhelm IV. ernannte Ritter" p. 18
- ^ "A Szent István Rend tagjai" Archived 22 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Ferdinand Veldekens (1858). Le livre d'or de l'ordre de Léopold et de la croix de fer. lelong. p. 199.
- ^ Bille-Hansen, A. C.; Holck, Harald, eds. (1875) [1st pub.:1801]. Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1875 [State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1875] (PDF). Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender (in Danish). Copenhagen: J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri. pp. 3–4. Retrieved 17 December 2020 – via da:DIS Danmark.
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Frederick William, Elector of Hesse Cadet branch of the House of Hesse Born: 20 August 1802 Died: 6 January 1875 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Elector of Hesse 1847–1866 | Monarchy abolished Electorate annexed by Prussia |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded byas Elector of Hesse | Head of State of Hesse-Kassel 1847–1866 | Succeeded byas German Emperor |
| Titles in pretence | ||
| Loss of title | — TITULAR — Elector of Hesse 1866–1875 | Succeeded by |
- v
- t
- e
- none
- Frederick William I, Elector of Hesse1
- Frederick William II, Landgrave of Hesse
- 1 Prince and Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel until 1803
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