Dual resonance model

Model in string theory

String theory

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History Glossary
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In theoretical physics, a dual resonance model arose during the early investigation (1968–1973) of string theory as an S-matrix theory of the strong interaction.

Overview

The dual resonance model was based upon the observation that the amplitudes for the s-channel scatterings matched exactly with the amplitudes for the t-channel scatterings among mesons and also the Regge trajectory. It began with the Euler beta function model of Gabriele Veneziano in 1968 for a 4-particle amplitude which has the property that it is explicitly s–t crossing symmetric, exhibits duality between the description in terms of Regge poles or of resonances, and provides a closed-form solution to non-linear finite-energy sum rules relating s- and t- channels.

The Veneziano formula was quickly generalized to an equally consistent N-particle amplitude^[1] for which Yoichiro Nambu,^[2] Holger Bech Nielsen,^[3] and Leonard Susskind^[4] provided a physical interpretation in terms of an infinite number of simple harmonic oscillators describing the motion of an extended one-dimensional string, hence came the name "string theory."

The study of dual resonance models was a relatively popular subject of study between 1968 and 1973.^[5] It was even taught briefly as a graduate level course at MIT, by Sergio Fubini and Veneziano, who co-authored an early article.^[6] It fell rapidly out of favor around 1973 when quantum chromodynamics became the main focus of theoretical research^[7] (mainly due to the theoretical appeal of its asymptotic freedom).^[8]

Notes

^ Koba, Z.; Nielsen, H.B. (1969). "Reaction amplitude for n-mesons a generalization of the Veneziano-Bardakçi-Ruegg-Virasoro model". Nuclear Physics B. 10 (4). Elsevier BV: 633–655. doi:10.1016/0550-3213(69)90331-9. ISSN 0550-3213.
^ Nambu, Y. (1970). "Quark model and the factorization of the Veneziano amplitude." In R. Chand (ed.), Symmetries and quark models (pp. 269–277). Singapore: World Scientific.
^ Nielsen, H. B. "An almost physical interpretation of the dual N point function." Nordita preprint (1969); unpublished.
^ Susskind, Leonard (1970-02-15). "Structure of Hadrons Implied by Duality". Physical Review D. 1 (4). American Physical Society (APS): 1182–1186. doi:10.1103/physrevd.1.1182. ISSN 0556-2821.
^ Rickles 2014, pp. 5–6, 44.
^ Fubini, S.; Veneziano, G. (1969). "Level structure of dual-resonance models". Il Nuovo Cimento A. 64 (4). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 811–840. doi:10.1007/bf02758835. ISSN 0369-3546. S2CID 119009821.
^ Rickles 2014, p. 77.
^ Rickles 2014, p. 11 n. 22.