1870 in the United Kingdom
UK-related events during the year of 1870
1870 in the United Kingdom |
Other years |
1868 | 1869 | 1870 (1870) | 1871 | 1872 |
Constituent countries of the United Kingdom |
England | Ireland | Scotland | Wales |
Sport |
1870 English cricket season |
Events from the year 1870 in the United Kingdom.
Incumbents
- Monarch – Victoria
- Prime Minister – William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal)
Events
- 28 January
- 5 March – first ever (unofficial) international football match, England v Scotland, takes place under the approval of the Football Association at The Oval, London.
- 10 May – Jem Mace wins the boxing championship of the world, defeating fellow Englishman Tom Allen at Kenner, near New Orleans.[3]
- 19 May – the Home Government Association is established in Ireland by Isaac Butt to argue for devolution for Ireland and repeal of the Act of Union 1800.[4]
- late Spring – Army Enlistment (Short Service) Act 1870 allows reduction in length of enlistment to the British Army as part of the Cardwell Reforms.[5]
- 2 June – competitive examination for entry to the British civil service introduced.[6]
- 8 June – the final splice to the first telegraph submarine cable to India is made off Porthcurno, Cornwall.
- 23 June – Keble College, Oxford, opens, the first new college of the University of Oxford in more than a century.
- 2 August – official opening of the Tower Subway beneath the River Thames in London, the world's first underground passenger "tube" railway.[7] Although this lasts as a railway operation only until November, it demonstrates the technologically successful first use of the cylindrical wrought iron tunnelling shield devised by Peter W. Barlow and James Henry Greathead.[8]
- 4 August – British Red Cross established as the British National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War by Lord Wantage.[7]
- 9 August
- Elementary Education Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict. c. 75) drafted by William Edward Forster MP encourages elementary education by creating a system of secular school boards in England and Wales at whose schools attendance may be compulsory.[4][7] Women are eligible to stand and vote for local school boards where created.
- Married Women's Property Act 1870 confirms that wives may own property of their own.[6]
- 27 August – White Star's first ocean liner RMS Oceanic is launched by Harland and Wolff in Belfast.[9]
- 7 September – masted turret ship HMS Captain capsizes off Cape Finisterre, less than 5 months after commissioning, due to design flaws, with the loss of 481 lives.
- 1 October – postcards and halfpenny postage stamps introduced by the Post Office.[7]
- 19 October – SS Cambria (1869) is wrecked on Inishtrahull (Ireland) with the loss of 179 lives.[10]
- Undated – the David Greig grocery chain begins with a store in London.
Publications
- 1 January
- Completion of the Ordnance Survey one-inch-to-the-mile "Old Series" maps of England.[11]
- The Northern Echo newspaper launched in Darlington.
- April–September – serialisation of Charles Dickens' novel The Mystery of Edwin Drood, only half complete due to his death on 9 June.
- Edward Jenkins' satire Ginx's Baby: his birth and other misfortunes.
- William Robinson's gardening book The Wild Garden.
- Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Poems,[12] exhumed from Elizabeth Siddal's grave.
Births
- 7 January – Gordon Hewart, 1st Viscount Hewart, English judge and politician, 7th Lord Chief Justice of England (died 1943)
- 25 January – Fred Spiksley, footballer (died 1948)
- 5 February – C. E. Brock, painter and illustrator (died 1938)
- 8 February – Millie Hylton, actress, dancer and male impersonator (died 1920)[13]
- 12 February – Marie Lloyd, music-hall singer (died 1922)
- 4 March – Thomas Sturge Moore, poet, author and artist (died 1944)
- 17 March – Horace Donisthorpe, entomologist (died 1951)
- 9 May – Harry Vardon, golfer (died 1937)
- 27 May – Lionel Palairet, cricketer (died 1933)
- 4 August – Harry Lauder, Scottish entertainer (died 1950)
- 11 August – Tom Richardson, cricketer (died 1912)
- 12 August – Hubert Gough, general (died 1963)
- 22 August – Bertram Fletcher Robinson, journalist, editor and author (died 1907)
- 1 September – Leopold Wharton, English-born American film director (died 1927)
- 22 September – Charlotte Cooper, tennis player (died 1966)[14]
- 21 October – Horace Hood, admiral (killed in action 1916)
- 22 October – Lord Alfred Douglas, minor Uranian poet best remembered as a lover of writer Oscar Wilde (died 1945)
- 30 October – Lawrence Grant, film actor (died 1952 in the United States)
- 18 November – P. Morley Horder, architect (died 1944)
- 18 December – Saki (H. H. Munro), short-story writer (killed in action 1916)
- Doncaster, racehorse (died 1892)
Deaths
- 2 January – Ignatius Bonomi, architect and surveyor (born 1787)
- 9 January – Elizabeth Sackville-West, Countess De La Warr, peeress (born 1795)
- 20 January – Sir George Seymour, admiral of the fleet (born 1787)
- 25 January – Janet Taylor, mathematician and navigational instrument maker (born 1804)
- 30 March – William Hale, inventor (born 1797)
- 25 April – Daniel Maclise, historical painter (born 1806)
- 6 May – Sir James Young Simpson, physician and researcher (born 1811)
- 14 May – Thomas Dale, Anglican priest, Dean of Rochester (born 1797)
- 17 May – David Octavius Hill, Scottish painter and pioneer photographer (born 1802)
- 24 April – Louisa Stuart Costello, miniature-painter, poet, historical novelist and travel writer (born 1799)
- 9 June – Charles Dickens, novelist (born 1812)
- 27 June – George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, diplomat and statesman (born 1800)
- 12 September – Eleanora Atherton, philanthropist in Manchester (born 1782)
- 25 September – John Braithwaite, engineer, inventor of the first steam fire engine (born 1797)
- 6 October – James Giles, painter (born 1801)
- 11 October – Margaret Waters, serial killer, hanged (born 1835)
- 21 October – Charles George James Arbuthnot, general (born 1801)
- 8 December – Thomas Brassey, railway contractor (born 1805)
- 9 December – Patrick MacDowell, sculptor (born 1799)
- 28 December – Philip Hardwick, architect (born 1792)
References
- ^ Blake, Richard. The Book of Postal Dates, 1635–1985. Caterham: Marden. p. 15.
- ^ "Loss of City of Boston, Halifax to Liverpool, 1870". The Ships List. Archived from the original on 11 May 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
- ^ Mace, Ralph. "Jem Mace, Champion of the World". Retrieved 9 August 2010.
- ^ a b Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 422–423. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Ensor, R. C. K. (1936). "England 1870–1914". The Oxford History of England, 14. Oxford University Press. p. 16.
- ^ a b Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 291–292. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ a b c d Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ Smith, Denis (2001). Civil Engineering Heritage: London and the Thames Valley. Thomas Telford. pp. 22–23. ISBN 0-7277-2876-8.
- ^ Othfors, Daniel (15 March 2018). "Oceanic (I)". The Great Ocean Liners. Retrieved 16 May 2021.
- ^ "The Wreck of the Cambria". The New York Times. 28 October 1870. Retrieved 5 November 2012.
- ^ With sheet 108, covering south-west Northumberland. Hewitt, Rachel (2011) [2010]. Map of a Nation: a biography of the Ordnance Survey. London: Granta. p. 305. ISBN 978-1-84708-254-1.
- ^ Cox, Michael, ed. (2004). The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860634-6.
- ^ Gänzl, Kurt (2001). The Encyclopedia of the Musical Theatre: Gi-N. Schirmer Books. p. 1210. ISBN 9780028655734.
- ^ "Olympedia – Charlotte Cooper". www.olympedia.org. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
- v
- t
- e
1707–1800 ← Years in the United Kingdom (1801–present)
United Kingdom
of Great Britain
and Ireland
- 1801
- 1802
- 1803
- 1804
- 1805
- 1806
- 1807
- 1808
- 1809
- 1810
- 1811
- 1812
- 1813
- 1814
- 1815
- 1816
- 1817
- 1818
- 1819
- 1820
- 1821
- 1822
- 1823
- 1824
- 1825
- 1826
- 1827
- 1828
- 1829
- 1830
- 1831
- 1832
- 1833
- 1834
- 1835
- 1836
- 1837
- 1838
- 1839
- 1840
- 1841
- 1842
- 1843
- 1844
- 1845
- 1846
- 1847
- 1848
- 1849
- 1850
- 1851
- 1852
- 1853
- 1854
- 1855
- 1856
- 1857
- 1858
- 1859
- 1860
- 1861
- 1862
- 1863
- 1864
- 1865
- 1866
- 1867
- 1868
- 1869
- 1870
- 1871
- 1872
- 1873
- 1874
- 1875
- 1876
- 1877
- 1878
- 1879
- 1880
- 1881
- 1882
- 1883
- 1884
- 1885
- 1886
- 1887
- 1888
- 1889
- 1890
- 1891
- 1892
- 1893
- 1894
- 1895
- 1896
- 1897
- 1898
- 1899
- 1900
- 1901
- 1902
- 1903
- 1904
- 1905
- 1906
- 1907
- 1908
- 1909
- 1910
- 1911
- 1912
- 1913
- 1914
- 1915
- 1916
- 1917
- 1918
- 1919
- 1920
- 1921
- 1922
- 1923
- 1924
- 1925
- 1926
United Kingdom
of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
- 1927
- 1928
- 1929
- 1930
- 1931
- 1932
- 1933
- 1934
- 1935
- 1936
- 1937
- 1938
- 1939
- 1940
- 1941
- 1942
- 1943
- 1944
- 1945
- 1946
- 1947
- 1948
- 1949
- 1950
- 1951
- 1952
- 1953
- 1954
- 1955
- 1956
- 1957
- 1958
- 1959
- 1960
- 1961
- 1962
- 1963
- 1964
- 1965
- 1966
- 1967
- 1968
- 1969
- 1970
- 1971
- 1972
- 1973
- 1974
- 1975
- 1976
- 1977
- 1978
- 1979
- 1980
- 1981
- 1982
- 1983
- 1984
- 1985
- 1986
- 1987
- 1988
- 1989
- 1990
- 1991
- 1992
- 1993
- 1994
- 1995
- 1996
- 1997
- 1998
- 1999
- 2000
- 2001
- 2002
- 2003
- 2004
- 2005
- 2006
- 2007
- 2008
- 2009
- 2010
- 2011
- 2012
- 2013
- 2014
- 2015
- 2016
- 2017
- 2018
- 2019
- 2020
- 2021
- 2022
- 2023
- 2024